On September 10, 1803, Barton W. Stone, Richard McNemar, John Thompson, John Dunlevy , and Robert Marshall left the Kentucky Synod of the Presbyterian Church forming the Springfield Presbytery, saying they were going to follow the Bible alone. The Springfield Prebytery was dissolved nine months later on June 28, 1804 with the Document, The Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery.

Three of the five who left the Presbyterian Church, McNemar, Thompson and Dunlavy were taught Scottish Common Sense Realism in Robert Wilkes Finley's Log Cabin Seminary.

The five Presbyterian ministers withdrew from the Kentucky Synod of the Presbyterian Church over doctrinal disagreements and later dissolved the presbytery in June 1804 using the famous document, The Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery.